2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid (THBA), identified by its Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 83-30-7, stands as a pivotal chemical compound with a broad spectrum of applications across various industries and scientific disciplines. This benzoic acid derivative is characterized by its unique chemical structure, featuring three hydroxyl groups, which contribute to its distinctive reactivity and utility. As a highly valued chemical intermediate, THBA plays a crucial role in the synthesis of new compounds and the advancement of diverse research areas.

Chemically, 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid possesses the molecular formula C7H6O5 and a molecular weight of 170.12 g/mol. It is typically observed as a light beige solid, showcasing a melting point around 210 °C (with decomposition). While sparingly soluble in common organic solvents like DMSO and methanol, it exhibits solubility in water, particularly in its monohydrate form. Its purity is consistently maintained at 97% or higher, ensuring its suitability for stringent industrial and research requirements. For optimal preservation of its integrity and stability, THBA is best stored under inert gas conditions, such as nitrogen or argon, at temperatures between 2-8°C.

The applications of 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid are remarkably diverse, extending from fundamental biochemical and physiological studies to the development of advanced materials. In scientific research, THBA has been extensively examined for its significant biological effects. It demonstrates notable antioxidant properties, effectively scavenging free radicals and preventing the formation of reactive oxygen species, which are critical in mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, studies have highlighted its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects, believed to stem from its capacity to inhibit key enzymes like cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase, integral players in pro-inflammatory pathways. Its role as a CDK inhibitor and anti-proliferative agent also suggests a potential utility in cancer prevention research, making it a compound of great interest in medicinal chemistry.

Beyond its research implications, 2,4,6-Trihydroxybenzoic Acid serves as an indispensable raw material and intermediate in various industrial sectors. It is widely utilized in organic synthesis, facilitating the creation of complex molecules. Its importance is particularly pronounced in the pharmaceutical industry, where it acts as a building block for active pharmaceutical ingredients. Additionally, it finds applications in the agrochemical and dyestuff fields, underscoring its versatility. The compound's catalytic capabilities have also been explored, for instance, in oxidative Ugi reactions, further solidifying its standing as a valuable chemical asset.

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