O-Phenylenediamine, also widely recognized by its CAS Registry Number 95-54-5, stands as a vital chemical intermediate. Known scientifically as 1,2-Benzenediamine or 1,2-Diaminobenzene, it is a key building block in the synthesis of numerous complex organic compounds critical to a variety of industries. Other common identifiers include C.I. 76010 and Orthamine. This compound is characterized by its specific molecular structure and properties that make it indispensable for creating specialized products ranging from agricultural chemicals to high-performance polymers.

Understanding the fundamental characteristics of O-Phenylenediamine is essential for appreciating its broad utility. It typically presents as a colorless crystalline solid, though it can also be handled in liquid form depending on temperature and specific grade. It possesses a distinct, pungent odor. Its physical constants are well-defined: a melting point around 101 degrees Celsius, a boiling point near 257 degrees Celsius, and a flash point of approximately 110 degrees Celsius. With a molecular formula of C₆H₈N₂ and a molecular weight of 108.14, it is moderately dense at about 1.27 g/cm³ and has a refractive index around 1.6339. While its solubility in water is limited at room temperature (less than 0.1 g/100 mL at 20 degrees Celsius), it exhibits good solubility in many common organic solvents such as alcohols, ethers, and ketones. Maintaining a minimum purity specification, often at 98% or higher, is crucial for its downstream applications, ensuring predictable reactions and consistent performance in manufacturing processes.

The applications of O-Phenylenediamine are extensive and reflect its reactivity and versatility. One of its primary uses is in the dye industry. It serves as a fundamental raw material for the synthesis of a wide array of dyes, including various azo dyes, reducing dyes like reduced yellow 6GD and reduced brilliant orange GR, and cationic dyes such as cationic brilliant yellow 10GFF. Its derivatives are also utilized in hair dye formulations, contributing to the desired color profiles in cosmetic products.

Beyond colorants, O-Phenylenediamine is integral to the agricultural sector, particularly in the production of fungicides. It is a key precursor for active ingredients in widely used crop protection chemicals, including carbendazim, benzodiazim, and methyl tolbuzine, playing a significant role in safeguarding crops against fungal diseases and enhancing agricultural productivity.

In the rubber industry, O-Phenylenediamine finds application as a component in rubber vulcanization accelerators. These additives are crucial for enhancing the strength, elasticity, and durability of rubber products, extending their lifespan and improving performance in demanding conditions. Furthermore, derivatives like 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, synthesized from O-Phenylenediamine, act as important polymer stabilizers, protecting materials from degradation caused by heat, light, or oxidation.

The chemical's reactivity also makes it valuable in synthesizing various heterocyclic compounds, notably benzimidazole and quinoxaline derivatives. These heterocyclic structures are significant intermediates for pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and specialty polymers, opening avenues for the development of new materials and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Its utility extends to other niche areas such as photosensitive materials, where its chemical properties contribute to light-sensitive coatings and films, and as a component in antifreeze formulations and copper anticorrosive agents, protecting metal surfaces from corrosion.

The availability of O-Phenylenediamine in various grades, including industrial grade, reagent grade, medicine grade, electron grade, food grade, and agriculture grade, allows manufacturers to select the appropriate quality level tailored to their specific application requirements, ensuring optimal results and compliance with industry standards. Given its chemical nature, O-Phenylenediamine is classified as a hazardous chemical and requires careful handling, storage, and transportation in accordance with regulatory guidelines to ensure safety and prevent environmental impact.

For businesses requiring a reliable source of this essential chemical, finding a reputable manufacturer and supplier is paramount. Quality control, consistent production capacity, and adherence to specifications are critical factors. When considering O-Phenylenediamine, potential buyers often seek detailed information regarding current price trends, minimum order quantities, and delivery options. The process to buy or purchase O-Phenylenediamine involves evaluating potential partners based on their technical expertise, supply chain efficiency, and commitment to product purity. Securing a consistent and high-quality supply is vital for maintaining production schedules and product integrity across the diverse industries that depend on O-Phenylenediamine as a core intermediate.