Pepsin, identified by its CAS number 9001-75-6, is one of the most fundamental and powerful proteolytic enzymes in the human digestive system. As a primary component of gastric juice, its main function is to initiate the complex process of protein digestion. At NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD., we specialize in producing high-quality pepsin powder, a raw material that serves critical functions across the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and food industries. This document explores the science behind pepsin, its multifaceted applications, and the quality standards that make it an indispensable ingredient.

What is Pepsin? A Closer Look at its Mechanism
Pepsin is an endopeptidase, meaning it breaks down proteins by cleaving peptide bonds within the protein molecule, rather than at the ends. It is secreted in an inactive form known as pepsinogen by chief cells in the lining of the stomach. The highly acidic environment of the stomach, with a pH ranging from 1.5 to 2.5, is the catalyst that converts pepsinogen into its active form, pepsin. This acidic condition also denatures proteins from food, unfolding their complex structures and exposing the peptide bonds for pepsin to act upon. Pepsin is most effective at breaking down peptide bonds between hydrophobic and aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine. The result is the conversion of large, complex proteins into smaller, more manageable units called peptides and peptones, which can then be further broken down by other enzymes in the small intestine.

Grades and Specifications of Pepsin Powder
The activity of pepsin is typically measured and defined by National Formulary (NF) standards. The grade, such as Pepsin 1:3000 NF, 1:5000 NF, or 1:10000 NF, indicates its digestive power. For example, a 1:3000 NF grade means that one part of pepsin can digest 3000 parts of coagulated egg albumin under specific test conditions. This standardization is crucial for ensuring consistency and efficacy in final product formulations.
Our pepsin is supplied as an off-white to slightly yellow, fine powder. It is produced from carefully sourced and processed porcine gastric mucosa under stringent quality control protocols to ensure purity, stability, and high enzymatic activity. Proper storage in a cool, dry place is essential to maintain its potency, as the enzyme is sensitive to heat and moisture.

Applications in the Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Industries
The most well-known application of pepsin is as a digestive aid. It is the key active ingredient in many over-the-counter and prescription medications designed to treat a range of digestive disorders.

• Indigestion and Dyspepsia: For individuals with insufficient gastric acid or pepsin secretion, supplementation can significantly alleviate symptoms like bloating, discomfort, and a feeling of fullness after meals.
• Achlorhydria/Hypochlorhydria: In conditions where stomach acid production is low, pepsin's efficacy is diminished. Therefore, it is often formulated with a mild acidifier like betaine HCl to restore the necessary acidic environment for protein digestion.
• Enhanced Nutrient Absorption: By ensuring proteins are properly broken down, pepsin helps improve the bioavailability and absorption of essential amino acids, which are the building blocks for countless bodily functions, from muscle repair to immune response.

The Role of Pepsin in the Food and Beverage Industry
Beyond its pharmaceutical uses, pepsin is a versatile tool in food processing. Its ability to modify proteins is leveraged in several ways:

• Protein Hydrolysates: Pepsin is used to create protein hydrolysates from sources like soy, whey, and casein. These hydrolysates have improved solubility, digestibility, and functional properties, making them valuable in sports nutrition products, infant formulas, and medical foods.
• Cheese Manufacturing: While rennet is the traditional coagulant, pepsin can also be used, often in combination with chymosin, to curdle milk in the initial stages of cheesemaking.
• Beverage Clarification: In the brewing industry, pepsin is used for chill-proofing beer. It breaks down specific proteins that can cause haze or cloudiness when the beer is cooled, resulting in a clear, stable final product.
• Meat Tenderizing: Pepsin can be used to tenderize meat products by partially breaking down tough connective tissues and muscle fibers.

Commitment to Quality from a Trusted Manufacturer
Selecting the right grade and quality of pepsin is paramount for product success, whether for a digestive supplement or an industrial food application. The efficacy and safety of the final product depend entirely on the purity and activity of the initial raw material. When looking to buy high-activity pepsin, it is crucial to partner with a reliable manufacturer that adheres to the highest global standards.

As a leading supplier, NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. is dedicated to providing pepsin powder that meets rigorous NF and EP/USP specifications. Our advanced manufacturing processes ensure that our product is free from contaminants and exhibits consistent lot-to-lot activity. For those seeking a competitive price without compromising on quality, our scale and expertise allow us to deliver exceptional value. If you wish to purchase premium pepsin for your formulation needs, partnering with a dedicated and experienced manufacturer is your first step toward excellence. We provide a dependable supply chain and comprehensive support to ensure our clients receive the best possible ingredients for their products.