Sulfadiazine (CAS 68-35-9): A Versatile Antibiotic in Pharmaceutical Applications

Sulfadiazine, identified by its Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number 68-35-9, stands as a cornerstone in the arsenal of sulfonamide antibiotics. This potent compound is widely recognized for its efficacy in treating and preventing a broad spectrum of bacterial infections across various parts of the body. As a medicine-grade substance, its quality and purity are paramount for pharmaceutical formulations.

At its core, Sulfadiazine functions as a bacteriostatic agent, meaning it inhibits the growth of bacteria rather than directly killing them. Its mechanism of action involves interfering with the synthesis of folic acid, an essential nutrient for bacterial survival and replication. Specifically, Sulfadiazine acts as a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme dihydropteroate synthetase, which is crucial for the bacterial production of dihydrofolic acid. This disruption ultimately prevents the bacteria from multiplying, allowing the body's immune system to clear the infection.

The medical applications of Sulfadiazine are diverse and significant. It is a primary choice for managing infections of the brain, ears, and urinary tract. In particular, when used in combination with pyrimethamine, it serves as the treatment of choice for toxoplasmosis, a parasitic infection. Beyond these, Sulfadiazine is also employed as a second-line treatment for conditions like otitis media, for the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever, and in treating chancroid, chlamydia, and certain infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae. Its utility extends to adjunctive therapy for chloroquine-resistant malaria and various forms of bacterial meningitis, showcasing its broad therapeutic potential.

As a pharmaceutical raw material, Sulfadiazine typically presents as a white powder with a molecular formula of C10H10N4O2S and a molecular weight of 250.28. Its consistent quality and precise chemical properties are vital for its integration into various drug formulations, ensuring both effectiveness and safety. Manufacturers adhere to stringent quality control measures to guarantee that the product meets medicine-grade standards.

For patients, Sulfadiazine is commonly administered orally, typically in tablet form, and should always be taken with a full glass of water to minimize potential renal complications. Adequate hydration is crucial during treatment. Dosage regimens vary significantly based on the specific infection being treated, the patient's age, and body weight, and must always be determined by a healthcare professional. It is important to note that Sulfadiazine is generally not recommended for infants younger than two months of age due to potential toxicity. Patients are advised to complete the full course of treatment, even if symptoms improve, to ensure complete eradication of the infection and prevent recurrence.

While highly effective, like all medications, Sulfadiazine can be associated with side effects. Common reactions may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and skin rash. More serious, though rare, adverse effects can encompass severe allergic reactions, blood disorders such as aplastic anemia or agranulocytosis, and liver or kidney problems. Therefore, close monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential throughout the treatment period. Patients with known allergies to sulfa drugs, severe kidney or liver disease, or certain genetic conditions like G6PD deficiency, should exercise caution or avoid its use entirely. It is also important to disclose all other medications and health conditions to the prescribing doctor to prevent potential drug interactions.

For those seeking a reliable Sulfadiazine manufacturer and supplier, ensuring a consistent and high-quality product is key. Pharmaceutical companies and formulators looking to purchase Sulfadiazine should prioritize partners with a proven track record in producing medicine-grade active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Factors such as purity, regulatory compliance (e.g., GMP certification), and competitive price points are critical considerations for bulk buy opportunities. A dependable supplier can provide comprehensive product specifications and support, facilitating smooth procurement processes for global pharmaceutical needs.