Tetracene, identified by CAS number 92-24-0, is a remarkable four-ring polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and a key member of the "acene" family. Also known as naphthacene, 2,3-benzanthracene, or benz[b]anthracene, its chemical formula is C18H12, with a molecular weight of 228.29 g/mol. This compound typically appears as a light orange to red-orange powder or crystals, distinguishing itself from many other PAHs by being non-carcinogenic.

In the realm of advanced materials, Tetracene stands out due to its exceptional semiconducting properties. It has found crucial applications in the development of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Its ability to efficiently conduct charge makes it an indispensable component for next-generation electronic devices, enabling brighter, more flexible, and energy-efficient displays. A significant breakthrough in its application was demonstrated when Tetracene was successfully incorporated into silicon solar cells. This integration led to a notable increase in solar cell efficiency, from a typical 29% to an impressive 35%, showcasing its potential to revolutionize solar energy conversion through enhanced wavelength range utilization.

The photophysical characteristics of Tetracene are equally compelling. As a chromophore, it absorbs light effectively within the 200 to 800 nm region. Its extended conjugation results in a bathochromic (red-shifting to longer wavelengths) and hyperchromic (increased absorbance) shift in its absorption bands when compared to its smaller acene counterparts like naphthalene and anthracene. This unique spectral property is responsible for its characteristic orange coloration, as its absorption extends into the visible light spectrum. The compound exhibits good stability, provided it is stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from strong oxidizing agents. Its melting point is notably high, exceeding 300°C, with a precise value of 357°C recorded, further indicating its robust nature for high-performance applications.

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