Glycerol, also known as Glycerin, is a simple yet remarkably versatile chemical compound with the CAS number 56-81-5. Chemically classified as a triol, it possesses a straightforward molecular structure consisting of a three-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group attached to each carbon atom (C3H8O3). This structural arrangement is the key to its unique physical and chemical properties, which dictate its widespread applications across various industries.

Physically, Glycerol is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid that has a distinctly sweet taste. Its viscosity is a direct result of the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding facilitated by its three hydroxyl groups. These hydroxyl groups also make Glycerol highly polar and miscible with water, meaning it dissolves readily in water and can absorb moisture from the air – a property known as hygroscopicity. This hygroscopic nature is critical for its use as a humectant in products ranging from cosmetics to tobacco. Understanding these Glycerol chemical properties is foundational for its application.

The production of Glycerol typically follows two main pathways: natural sources and synthetic routes. Natural Glycerol is primarily obtained as a byproduct of the saponification of fats and oils in soap manufacturing, or through the transesterification of triglycerides in biodiesel production. Synthetic Glycerol is usually derived from propylene, often through processes involving epichlorohydrin. The purity of Glycerol is crucial, especially for pharmaceutical and food-grade applications, with manufacturers employing rigorous purification techniques such as distillation and decolorization to achieve the desired specifications. The availability of high-purity Glycerol for sale is essential for these sectors.

From a chemical reactivity standpoint, Glycerol is relatively stable but can react with strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases. Its ability to undergo esterification with fatty acids forms triglycerides, the building blocks of fats and oils. Nitration of Glycerol yields nitroglycerin, a powerful explosive and a vital pharmaceutical compound. Its potential reactions and transformations are central to its role as a chemical intermediate. The exploration of Glycerol production methods reveals the sophisticated chemistry involved.

Safety is a paramount consideration for Glycerol. It is generally considered non-toxic and safe for consumption and topical application, with a low LD50 value. However, like any chemical, excessive intake can lead to mild side effects such as headaches or gastrointestinal upset. Proper handling and storage are essential. Detailed safety data sheets (SDS) provide comprehensive information on its properties and safe use, which is critical for manufacturers and end-users alike, reinforcing the importance of Glycerol safety information.

For businesses seeking reliable sources of Glycerol, it is vital to partner with reputable suppliers. NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO., LTD. offers high-quality Glycerol, adhering to strict quality control measures to ensure its suitability for diverse applications. Accessing information on Glycerol pricing and availability is a key step for procurement professionals.