Calcium hydroxide, an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2, is widely recognized as a versatile and indispensable substance across various industries. Traditionally known as slaked lime or hydrated lime, it manifests as a colorless crystal or a fine white powder. Its widespread applications range from food preparation and agriculture to wastewater treatment and construction, thanks to its unique chemical properties, particularly its strong alkaline nature.

In the realm of dentistry, calcium hydroxide holds a particularly prominent and enduring position, primarily within the specialty of endodontics. For over a century, this compound has been a cornerstone material, celebrated for its therapeutic benefits and diverse utility in managing complex dental conditions. Its high pH, typically ranging between 12.5 and 12.8, plays a crucial role in its mechanism of action, allowing it to dissociate into calcium and hydroxyl ions upon contact with aqueous fluids.

The therapeutic efficacy of calcium hydroxide stems largely from the release of these highly reactive hydroxyl ions. These ions exhibit a profound impact on microbial cells by damaging their cytoplasmic membranes, denaturing proteins, and even compromising DNA integrity. This mechanism is central to its antimicrobial properties, making it highly effective against a broad spectrum of bacteria commonly found in endodontic infections. Furthermore, its ability to neutralize acidic environments contributes significantly to healing and tissue repair, especially in inflamed or infected periapical tissues.

One of the primary applications of calcium hydroxide in endodontics is its use as an intracanal medicament. Applied between appointments, it aids in the thorough disinfection of the root canal system, reducing and often eliminating persistent bacterial populations that survive initial biomechanical preparation. It also acts as an effective anti-endotoxin agent and can denature pro-inflammatory mediators, thereby contributing to the resolution of periradicular periodontitis and reducing postoperative pain.

Beyond disinfection, calcium hydroxide is also utilized in root canal sealers. While some of its forms exhibit limitations, the release of hydroxyl ions from calcium hydroxide-based sealers can promote the formation of hard tissue at the root end, assisting in a more effective seal and supporting the overall healing process of the periapical region.

Calcium hydroxide is exceptionally valuable in managing challenging clinical scenarios such as weeping canals and root or furcation perforations. In weeping canals, its high alkalinity helps to transform an acidic periapical environment into a more basic one, encouraging bone buildup and cauterizing chronically inflamed tissues. For perforations, it stimulates hard tissue formation and aids in the healing of damaged periodontal tissues, serving as a vital temporary or even permanent repair material, though mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is now often considered the material of choice for permanent repairs.

Its role in treating root resorption is equally critical. By altering the local environment around a resorptive area, calcium hydroxide reduces osteoclast activity and stimulates reparative tissue formation. The diffusion of its hydroxyl ions through dentinal tubules can significantly increase the pH of the periodontal space, effectively reversing the destructive process and promoting hard tissue deposition.

The biocompatibility of calcium hydroxide is a defining characteristic. It is often regarded as the gold standard in biocompatibility tests for dental materials due to its capacity to induce pulp repair and the formation of a hard tissue barrier. This direct and indirect effect on pulp vitality makes it the material of choice for various pulp conservation treatments, providing natural protection against bacterial ingress and chemical irritants.

For dental professionals seeking a reliable supplier of high-quality calcium hydroxide, understanding its diverse forms and applications is key. When considering where to buy calcium hydroxide for your practice, prioritize a leading manufacturer known for purity and consistency. The price of calcium hydroxide can vary, but investing in a premium grade ensures optimal patient outcomes. To purchase this essential dental material, connect with reputable distributors who adhere to stringent quality control standards.