Tetradecanedioic acid (CAS 821-38-5), a C14 long-chain dicarboxylic acid, is more than just a chemical intermediate; it plays significant roles within biological systems. Recognized as an endogenous human metabolite, its presence and fluctuations are linked to fundamental metabolic pathways and are increasingly being studied for their potential as biomarkers in health and disease.

Metabolic Pathways and Functions

Tetradecanedioic acid is primarily formed through the ω-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids, an alternative pathway to the more common β-oxidation, particularly active when the latter is overwhelmed. This process highlights its connection to lipid metabolism and energy regulation within the body.

  • Lipid Metabolism: As a long-chain fatty acid derivative, its metabolism is intertwined with cellular energy production and lipid homeostasis. Its levels can reflect the body's response to dietary intake or metabolic stress.
  • Peroxisomal Degradation: Once formed, tetradecanedioic acid is largely degraded in peroxisomes via β-oxidation, yielding acetyl-CoA for energy production.
  • OATP Transport: It is also identified as an endogenous substrate for organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), crucial transporters in drug metabolism and elimination. This characteristic makes it a valuable candidate biomarker for assessing OATP activity and predicting drug-drug interactions.

Biomarker Potential: A Growing Area of Research

The changes in tetradecanedioic acid levels in response to various physiological states and diseases are fueling its investigation as a potential biomarker:

  • Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and NASH: Studies suggest that altered levels of tetradecanedioic acid may help differentiate between simple fatty liver and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a more severe form of the disease.
  • Osteoporosis: Metabolomic profiling has linked tetradecanedioic acid levels to an increased risk of osteoporosis in elderly women, highlighting its potential role in bone health assessment.
  • Drug-Drug Interactions (DDIs): Its utility as an endogenous biomarker for OATP transporters is being validated in clinical studies to predict the pharmacokinetic impact of co-administered drugs.
  • Other Associations: Research also points to its association with dietary patterns (e.g., whole grains), hypertension, and even certain neurological conditions.

Procurement for Research and Development

For researchers investigating the biological roles of tetradecanedioic acid or developing diagnostic assays, sourcing high-purity material (CAS 821-38-5) is critical. Procurement should focus on suppliers with proven quality control, offering detailed Certificates of Analysis. Companies looking to buy in bulk for R&D purposes should compare pricing from established manufacturers, particularly those in China known for large-scale production of fine chemicals.

In conclusion, tetradecanedioic acid is a metabolically active compound with emerging significance as a biomarker. Continued research into its biological functions promises to unlock its full potential in diagnostics and understanding complex disease mechanisms.