For anyone involved in organic chemistry or chemical manufacturing, a thorough understanding of key compounds is essential. 2-Bromotoluene (CAS 95-46-5), also known as ortho-bromotoluene, is a compound that warrants such attention due to its extensive use as a building block and reagent in various synthetic pathways. Delving into its core chemical properties and common 2-bromotoluene synthesis methods provides valuable insights for researchers and industrial chemists alike.

Physically, 2-Bromotoluene is described as a clear, colorless liquid. Its density is reported around 1.422 g/mL at 25°C, indicating it is significantly denser than water. It has a relatively low melting point of -27°C and a boiling point that ranges from 178-181°C at atmospheric pressure, though it boils at a lower temperature (58-60°C) under reduced pressure (10 mm Hg). Its refractive index is approximately 1.555. These physical characteristics are important for handling, storage, and reaction design. The flash point of 174°F suggests it is combustible, necessitating appropriate safety precautions.

Chemically, the presence of both a bromine atom and a methyl group on the benzene ring dictates its reactivity. The bromine atom makes it susceptible to nucleophilic substitution and a prime candidate for metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions, which are foundational in constructing complex organic molecules. The methyl group, being electron-donating, activates the ring towards electrophilic aromatic substitution and directs incoming electrophiles primarily to the ortho and para positions relative to itself. However, in 2-Bromotoluene, the bromine atom is already in the ortho position, influencing the regioselectivity of further substitutions.

Several methods exist for the synthesis of 2-Bromotoluene. A common laboratory route involves the diazotization of ortho-toluidine followed by treatment with copper(I) bromide (Sandmeyer reaction). Industrially, the direct bromination of toluene using bromine in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst, such as iron or aluminum bromide, is often employed. This method, however, can yield a mixture of ortho and para isomers, requiring subsequent separation. Advanced techniques, such as microreactor synthesis, are also being explored for more controlled and efficient production, aiming to improve yields and reduce byproduct formation.

The compound's reactivity makes it a versatile organic synthesis building block. Its ability to undergo reactions like lithiation or Grignard formation converts it into highly reactive organometallic species, which are critical for forming new carbon-carbon bonds with various electrophiles. This versatility is why understanding the reactivity of 2-bromotoluene is so important for synthetic chemists.

For those looking to procure this compound, searching for buy 2-bromotoluene online will reveal numerous suppliers, particularly those specializing in fine chemicals and research reagents. When selecting a supplier, it is crucial to consider the purity specifications and the reliability of the manufacturer. Detailed documentation, such as Certificates of Analysis (COA) and Safety Data Sheets (SDS), should be readily available, providing essential information about the product's quality and safe handling procedures. The availability of various grades, from laboratory reagent to industrial quality, ensures it can meet diverse needs.

In conclusion, 2-Bromotoluene is a compound of significant interest due to its well-defined physical and chemical properties and its diverse synthetic applications. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects is fundamental for its effective utilization in chemical research and industrial production.