For chemists and material scientists engaged in specialized synthesis, understanding the fundamental properties and synthetic pathways of key intermediates is paramount. 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-3-nitropyridine (CAS: 136888-21-6) is a prominent example of such a compound, offering a unique combination of chemical characteristics that make it invaluable in various advanced chemical applications.

Decoding the Chemical Structure and Properties

2-Chloro-5-fluoro-3-nitropyridine is a heterocyclic aromatic compound featuring a pyridine ring substituted with three distinct functional groups: a chlorine atom at the 2-position, a fluorine atom at the 5-position, and a nitro group at the 3-position. This specific molecular architecture, represented by the formula C5H2ClFN2O2 and a molecular weight of approximately 176.53 g/mol, dictates its chemical behavior. Typically appearing as a yellow crystalline powder, its physical properties include a melting point range of 48.0 to 52.0 °C and a boiling point around 246 °C. These attributes contribute to its stability under normal temperature and pressure conditions, making it a reliable choice for industrial use.

Reactivity and Synthetic Utility

The presence of electron-withdrawing groups (chlorine and nitro) and an electron-donating group (fluorine) on the pyridine ring creates an electron-deficient system, enhancing its reactivity, particularly towards nucleophilic substitution reactions. This characteristic is highly prized in organic synthesis, as it allows for the regioselective introduction of new functional groups. Researchers and manufacturers utilize these properties to build more complex molecules, often finding applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials science. The compound’s ability to participate in these versatile reactions simplifies multi-step synthetic processes, improving overall efficiency and yield.

Manufacturing and Sourcing Considerations

The synthesis of 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-3-nitropyridine typically involves sophisticated chemical processes such as nitration and halogenation. Manufacturers skilled in these reactions can produce this intermediate with high purity, often exceeding 95% or 98% depending on the application. When sourcing this chemical, it is essential to engage with reliable suppliers who can guarantee consistent quality and purity. Purchasing from established manufacturers, particularly those in China, can provide access to cost-effective solutions and a stable supply chain. Always request detailed product specifications, Safety Data Sheets (SDS), and Certificates of Analysis (CoA) to ensure compliance with your project requirements.

Stability and Storage Recommendations

To maintain its integrity and performance, 2-Chloro-5-fluoro-3-nitropyridine should be stored in a cool, dry place, with containers kept tightly closed when not in use. Adhering to recommended storage conditions ensures the compound remains stable and ready for use in critical synthesis steps. Understanding these chemical and physical characteristics is vital for any professional looking to leverage this important intermediate in their work.