Sodium thiosulfate, often known by its historical name 'hypo,' is a chemical compound that has been instrumental in the evolution of photography. Its primary function in photographic processing is that of a fixer. After a photograph is developed, the film or paper still contains unreacted silver halide crystals. These crystals are sensitive to light and, if left on the film, would cause the image to darken and degrade over time.

The mechanism by which sodium thiosulfate works is fascinating. It forms soluble complexes with these silver halides, effectively removing them from the emulsion. The reaction involves sodium thiosulfate donating electrons and acting as a nucleophile, creating a stable silver thiosulfate complex that can then be washed away with water. This process, known as 'fixing,' stabilizes the image, making it permanent and insensitive to further light exposure. This makes sodium thiosulfate a crucial component for achieving clear, lasting photographic images. While ammonium thiosulfate is sometimes preferred for its faster action, sodium thiosulfate remains a widely recognized and effective chemical in traditional photographic practices. Understanding the chemical properties of sodium thiosulfate, such as its solubility and reactivity, is key to appreciating its vital role in preserving visual memories.

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