Industrial Purity Specifications for 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-Pyridinol Sodium Salt
- High-purity grades (>98%) are critical for Chlorpyrifos synthesis efficiency.
- Key impurities include moisture and tetrachloropyridine derivatives.
- Validated COA and HPLC data ensure batch consistency for large-scale production.
In the agrochemical industry, the reliability of intermediates dictates the efficiency of the final active ingredient production. 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol Sodium Salt (CAS 37439-34-2) serves as a pivotal precursor in the manufacturing of organophosphate insecticides, most notably Chlorpyrifos. For process chemists and procurement managers, understanding the nuanced specifications of this sodium salt is essential for maintaining reaction yields and minimizing downstream purification costs.
This technical overview details the critical quality parameters, physical properties, and procurement standards required for industrial-scale applications. By adhering to strict industrial purity benchmarks, manufacturers can ensure consistent performance in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Physicochemical Properties and Identification
Accurate identification begins with verifying the molecular structure and physical constants. The sodium salt form offers improved stability and solubility characteristics compared to the free acid in specific solvent systems used during pesticide synthesis. The following table outlines the standard technical specifications expected for high-grade material.
| Parameter | Specification |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Sodium 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-olate |
| CAS Number | 37439-34-2 |
| Molecular Formula | C5H3Cl3NNaO |
| Molecular Weight | 222.42 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to off-white solid |
| Density | 1.426 g/cm³ (at 20°C) |
| Water Solubility | 2.5 g/L (at 20°C) |
| Storage Conditions | Sealed in dry environment, Room Temperature |
When evaluating suppliers, it is crucial to confirm that the provided data aligns with these standard values. Deviations in molecular weight or density often indicate the presence of hydrates or unreacted starting materials, which can negatively impact stoichiometry in subsequent reaction steps.
Critical Purity Parameters and Impurity Profiles
For large-scale synthesis, assay purity is not the sole determinant of quality. The impurity profile is equally significant. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the preferred method for quantifying the main component and detecting related substances. Industrial grades typically require a minimum assay of 98.0%, with premium grades reaching 99.0% or higher.
Key Impurities to Monitor
- Tetrachloropyridine Derivatives: Residual chlorination byproducts can interfere with downstream alkylation processes.
- Moisture Content: As a sodium salt, the material is hygroscopic. Excessive moisture can lead to hydrolysis issues during anhydrous reactions. Karl Fischer titration should indicate moisture levels below 0.5% for optimal performance.
- Heavy Metals: Compliance with agrochemical regulations necessitates strict limits on lead, arsenic, and other heavy metals.
Understanding the synthesis route helps in anticipating these impurities. Typically produced via the hydrolysis of trichloropyridine derivatives followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide, the process must be tightly controlled to prevent over-chlorination or incomplete neutralization.
Quality Assurance and Documentation
Reliable supply chains depend on transparent documentation. Every batch delivered for industrial use must be accompanied by a comprehensive Certificate of Analysis (COA). This document should verify the assay percentage, melting point range, and results from specific impurity tests. If a COA is not immediately available on a supplier's portal, direct communication with their technical support team is necessary to request batch-specific data.
Procurement teams should verify that the COA includes the method of analysis (e.g., HPLC conditions) to allow for internal cross-validation. Consistency across batches is vital for maintaining valid process validation files.
Commercial Considerations and Bulk Procurement
Market pricing for this intermediate fluctuates based on raw material costs and production capacity. While small-scale laboratory reagents command a high bulk price per gram, industrial contracts for metric ton quantities should reflect significant economies of scale. Buyers should focus on total cost of ownership, which includes yield impact and purification costs, rather than just the upfront purchase price.
When sourcing high-purity materials, partnering with a reliable global manufacturer ensures access to consistent quality and technical support. NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. stands out as a premier provider in this sector, offering rigorous quality control systems that align with international agrochemical standards.
Safety and Handling
Although non-flammable, 3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol Sodium Salt requires careful handling. According to GHS classification, it carries a Warning signal with Hazard Statement H302 (Harmful if swallowed). Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and eye protection, must be worn during handling. Storage areas should be well-ventilated and dry to prevent caking or degradation.
| Safety Parameter | Detail |
|---|---|
| GHS Symbol | GHS07 |
| Signal Word | Warning |
| Hazard Statements | H302 |
| Precautionary Statements | P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501 |
| TSCA Status | Listed |
Conclusion
The successful manufacturing of chlorpyrifos and related agrochemicals relies heavily on the quality of Sodium 3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-olate. By prioritizing industrial purity, verifying COA data, and understanding the impurity profiles, procurement managers can mitigate production risks. Establishing a partnership with a dedicated manufacturer like NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. provides the technical assurance needed for stable, high-yield production cycles.