Tri-tert-butylphosphine, also known by its synonyms tritert-butylphosphane and P(t-Bu)3, is a vital organophosphorus compound with the molecular formula C12H27P and a molecular weight of 202.31700. Recognized as an exceptionally bulky and electron-donating phosphine ligand, it plays a critical role in various chemical transformations, particularly within the realm of metal catalysis.

This transparent liquid, typically supplied as a 10% solution in hexane, exhibits distinctive physical properties. It has a density of 0.861 g/mL at 25 °C, a boiling point ranging from 102-103 °C at 13 mm Hg, and a melting point between 30-35 °C. With a flash point of 1 °F, it requires storage in a flammables area. Notably, Tri-tert-butylphosphine is insoluble in water, making it suitable for reactions in non-polar organic media. Its typical assay, when presented as a 50% toluene solution, confirms high purity, consistently conforming to stringent factory standards.

At the heart of its utility lies its function as a "soft" sigma-donating ligand in metal complexes. Phosphine ligands, characterized by a trivalent phosphorus atom with an unshared electron pair, are instrumental in stabilizing organometallic complexes and fine-tuning their reactivity and selectivity. Tri-tert-butylphosphine's unique electronic and steric properties are particularly noteworthy. Its substantial bulkiness, quantified by a large Tolman cone angle (approximately 182°), significantly influences the coordination environment around metal centers. This steric demand can lead to the formation of coordinatively unsaturated complexes, which are often highly active catalysts. Coupled with its strong electron-donating nature, it enhances the propensity for oxidative addition reactions, a fundamental step in many catalytic cycles, while its bulk aids in promoting reductive elimination.

The applications of Tri-tert-butylphosphine span across a wide spectrum of industries. It is indispensable in homogeneous catalysis, a field where precise control over reaction pathways is paramount. Its involvement is crucial in various cross-coupling reactions, including Suzuki, Heck, Kumada, and Negishi couplings, which are cornerstones of modern synthetic organic chemistry. Beyond coupling reactions, it facilitates hydrofunctionalization, N-methylation, formylation, allyl reactions, ethylene oligomerization, and Michael additions. In asymmetric catalysis, where the synthesis of specific enantiomers is desired, chiral phosphine ligands related to this class are invaluable, enabling the production of optically pure compounds.

Industrially, Tri-tert-butylphosphine is extensively used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, playing a critical role in the development of new drugs. Its versatility extends to the petrochemical, agrochemical, and fine chemical sectors, where it acts as a building block and a powerful catalytic component for diverse processes. It is also an essential raw material in the preparation of synthetic flavors and fragrances, and in the production of plastics and other polymers due to its ability to influence polymerization reactions.

As a leading manufacturer and supplier of high-quality chemical products, NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. is committed to providing reliable access to Tri-tert-butylphosphine for research and industrial applications. Our dedication to quality ensures that our customers receive a product that meets the highest standards for their most demanding synthetic challenges. For inquiries regarding its price, availability, or to buy/purchase this advanced phosphine ligand, please contact us. We are equipped to support your needs from laboratory scale to industrial production, ensuring a seamless supply chain for your critical processes.