Industrial Purity Specifications for 6-Chloropicolinic Acid (CAS 4684-94-0)
- High Assay Standards: Industrial grade requires ≥98.0% purity via HPLC/GC to ensure downstream reaction efficiency.
- Optimized Manufacturing: Controlled hydrolysis of trichloromethyl precursors maximizes yield and minimizes isomeric impurities.
- Bulk Procurement: Secure supply chains from a verified global manufacturer ensure consistent pricing and availability for large-scale production.
In the realm of fine chemical intermediates, 6-Chloropicolinic acid (CAS 4684-94-0) stands as a critical building block for both pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications. As a key precursor in the synthesis of kinase inhibitors like Sorafenib and various nitrapyrin metabolites, the quality of this heterocyclic carboxylic acid directly influences the yield and safety profile of final active ingredients. Procurement teams and process chemists must prioritize industrial purity specifications over standard reagent grades to mitigate risks in large-scale manufacturing.
This technical overview details the physical properties, manufacturing parameters, and quality control metrics essential for sourcing this compound effectively. Understanding the nuances of the manufacturing process allows buyers to evaluate supplier capabilities beyond simple price comparisons.
Physical and Chemical Properties
Accurate characterization is the foundation of quality assurance. The following table outlines the standard physical constants expected for high-grade material. Deviations in melting point or solubility often indicate the presence of residual solvents or isomeric byproducts.
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | 6-Chloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid |
| CAS Number | 4684-94-0 |
| Molecular Formula | C6H4ClNO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 157.55 g/mol |
| Melting Point | 190-191°C |
| Appearance | White to cream crystalline powder |
| Water Solubility | 3.40 g/L |
| pKa | 3.27 ± 0.10 |
| Storage Conditions | Sealed, dry, room temperature, protected from light |
Manufacturing Process and Yield Optimization
The commercial production of 6-Chloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid typically involves the hydrolysis of 2-chloro-6-trichloromethylpyridine. This reaction requires precise thermal control and acid catalysis to ensure complete conversion while preventing decarboxylation or dehalogenation. A standard industrial procedure involves heating the precursor with concentrated sulfuric acid at approximately 100°C for 8 hours.
Post-reaction neutralization with ammonia facilitates precipitation, allowing for efficient solid-liquid separation. When evaluating a supplier, it is crucial to inquire about their specific synthesis route optimizations. Advanced manufacturers employ recrystallization steps that push assay values above 99.0%, significantly reducing the burden on downstream purification processes. Typical isolated yields for optimized processes range between 85% and 90%, reflecting efficient atom economy and waste management.
Quality Control and Impurity Profiles
For pharmaceutical intermediates, the Certificate of Analysis (COA) is the primary document verifying compliance. Key parameters include assay content, residual solvents, heavy metals, and specific impurities such as picolinic acid or dichloro-isomers. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the standard method for quantifying these impurities.
Residual starting materials can interfere with subsequent coupling reactions, leading to lower yields in the production of final APIs. Therefore, buyers should request batch-specific chromatograms alongside the COA. A reliable global manufacturer will maintain strict batch-to-batch consistency, ensuring that the impurity profile remains stable over time. This consistency is vital for regulatory filings and process validation.
Commercial Considerations and Bulk Procurement
Market pricing for this intermediate varies significantly based on volume and purity grades. While small-scale laboratory quantities may command prices upwards of $50 per 100g, industrial bulk price structures are considerably more competitive for metric ton commitments. Supply chain stability is another critical factor; geopolitical shifts and raw material availability can impact lead times.
NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. operates as a premier source for these specialized intermediates, offering scalable production capacities that meet international compliance standards. By partnering with an established entity like NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD., procurement managers secure not only competitive pricing but also technical support regarding storage and handling.
Safety and Handling Guidelines
According to GHS standards, this compound carries a Warning signal. It is classified as harmful if swallowed (H303), causes skin irritation (H315), and is toxic to aquatic life (H401). Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and eye protection, is mandatory during handling. Waste disposal must adhere to local environmental regulations to prevent aquatic contamination.
In conclusion, sourcing 6-Chloropicolinic acid requires a balanced assessment of technical specifications and commercial reliability. By focusing on verified manufacturing processes and stringent purity controls, organizations can ensure the integrity of their synthetic pipelines.