Industrial Purity Specifications for 2-Chlorobutyric Acid (CAS 4170-24-5)
- Technical Grade: Specifications target ≥99.0% purity via GC analysis for pharmaceutical intermediates.
- Supply Chain: Reliable bulk procurement available directly from a verified global manufacturer.
- Safety Compliance: Full adherence to GHS05 corrosive standards and UN 3265 transport regulations.
In the landscape of fine chemical synthesis, securing reagents with consistent industrial purity is paramount for maintaining reaction yields and downstream product quality. 2-Chlorobutyric acid, also known systematically as Butanoic acid 2-chloro-, serves as a critical building block in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates and agrochemicals. With the CAS registry number 4170-24-5, this chlorinated carboxylic acid requires stringent quality control measures to ensure the absence of isomeric impurities and residual halides.
As a premier entity in the chemical sector, NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. specializes in the scalable production of high-performance intermediates. Understanding the technical specifications and procurement dynamics of this compound is essential for procurement managers and process chemists aiming to optimize their supply chains.
Physicochemical Properties and Technical Data
For process development and quality assurance teams, accurate physical data is necessary for reactor design and safety assessments. The following table outlines the standard specifications expected for industrial-grade material.
| Property | Specification / Value |
|---|---|
| CAS Number | 4170-24-5 |
| Molecular Formula | C4H7ClO2 |
| Molecular Weight | 122.55 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear liquid, Colorless to Light Orange |
| Purity (GC) | ≥ 99.0% (Industrial Grade) |
| Boiling Point | 90-92 °C at 12 mm Hg |
| Density | 1.190 g/mL at 20 °C |
| Refractive Index | Standard Reference Available |
| Flash Point | 112 °C |
Quality Control Metrics and COA Requirements
When evaluating suppliers, the Certificate of Analysis (COA) is the definitive document for verifying material quality. In the context of halogenated carboxylic acids, standard quality control metrics must extend beyond simple assay percentages. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) are the preferred methods for quantifying the main component and detecting related substances.
Key impurities often include unreacted butyric acid, isomeric chlorobutyric acids (such as the 3- or 4-chloro isomers), and residual inorganic chlorides. A robust manufacturing process will minimize these contaminants to prevent interference in subsequent nucleophilic substitution or esterification reactions. Procurement contracts should specify limits for moisture content, as water can hydrolyze the acid chloride derivatives often synthesized from this precursor.
For critical applications, buyers should request batch-specific data regarding heavy metals and residual solvents. NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD. ensures that all bulk shipments are accompanied by comprehensive documentation meeting international GMP guidelines, facilitating smoother regulatory filings for downstream pharmaceutical products.
Synthesis Route and Manufacturing Scalability
The commercial production of this chemical typically involves the chlorination of butyric acid or derivative pathways that ensure high regioselectivity for the alpha-position. The efficiency of the synthesis route directly impacts the bulk price and availability of the final product. Industrial-scale reactors must manage exothermic reactions carefully to prevent over-chlorination or decomposition.
Scalability is a common bottleneck in fine chemical supply. While laboratory-scale suppliers may offer gram quantities at premium rates, industrial users require metric ton capabilities without compromising purity. A reliable global manufacturer maintains consistent reactor conditions and purification protocols, such as fractional distillation under vacuum, to achieve the targeted boiling point range and assay specifications consistently across batches.
Procurement and Supply Chain Considerations
Market pricing for fine chemicals fluctuates based on raw material costs, energy consumption, and regulatory compliance overheads. Small-scale packaging often incurs significantly higher costs per unit weight compared to bulk isotanks or drum shipments. When sourcing high-purity 2-Chlorobutyric Acid, buyers should prioritize suppliers who offer transparent pricing structures tied to volume tiers.
Lead times and logistics are equally critical. Given the corrosive nature of the product, classified as Hazard Class 8 (UN 3265), specialized shipping containers and hazardous material handling procedures are mandatory. Delays often occur when suppliers lack the proper export licenses or packaging certifications. Establishing a partnership with a manufacturer who manages their own logistics network can mitigate these risks.
Safety Handling and Storage Protocols
Safety data indicates that this compound is corrosive to skin and eyes (GHS05, H314). Proper personal protective equipment (PPE), including faceshields, gloves, and type ABEK respirator filters, is required during handling. Storage facilities must be cool, dry, and well-ventilated, segregated from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and bases.
In the event of a spill, neutralization procedures should be implemented immediately using appropriate absorbents and neutralizing agents. Comprehensive Safety Data Sheets (SDS) must be accessible to all personnel involved in the handling and transport of the material. Adherence to these protocols ensures not only regulatory compliance but also the safety of the workforce and the integrity of the storage infrastructure.
Conclusion
Securing a reliable supply of 2-Chlorobutyric acid requires a deep understanding of technical specifications, quality control metrics, and logistical requirements. By focusing on industrial purity standards and partnering with established manufacturers, pharmaceutical and chemical companies can ensure consistent production outcomes. Prioritizing verified COAs and scalable manufacturing process capabilities will ultimately drive efficiency and cost-effectiveness in complex synthesis pipelines.