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Chemically characterized by its molecular formula C12H15NO8 and a molecular weight of approximately 301.25 g/mol, ONPG typically appears as a white to off-white crystalline or powder substance. It exhibits a melting point in the range of 186-193 °C (with decomposition) and is soluble in water, making it convenient for solution-based assays. Its high purity, consistently maintained at 97% minimum, ensures optimal performance across sensitive biochemical tests. For proper preservation of its integrity and effectiveness, it is recommended to store ONPG at temperatures between 2-8°C.
The primary utility of 2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside lies in its function as a chromogenic substrate for the enzyme beta-galactosidase. This enzyme plays a vital role in the hydrolysis of beta-galactosidic bonds, a process central to carbohydrate metabolism. When beta-galactosidase acts upon ONPG, it cleaves the beta-galactoside bond, leading to the release of o-nitrophenol. This released compound is distinctly yellow in color, providing a straightforward and highly visible indicator of enzyme activity. This colorimetric change is the fundamental principle behind many enzyme assays and diagnostic tests.
One of the most significant applications of ONPG is in the ONPG test, a highly sensitive biochemical test used for the identification and differentiation of various microorganisms, particularly within the Enterobacteriaceae family. This test is critical for distinguishing between true lactose fermenters and "late" lactose fermenters or non-fermenters. Unlike lactose, ONPG can penetrate bacterial cell walls even without the presence of permease, making it an excellent substrate for detecting intracellular beta-galactosidase activity. A positive ONPG test, indicated by the development of a yellow color, signifies the presence of beta-galactosidase, providing crucial information for microbial classification.
Beyond microbial identification, ONPG is extensively utilized in general biochemical studies to quantify beta-galactosidase activity in biological samples, to monitor genetic expression where beta-galactosidase serves as a reporter enzyme, and in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) applications. Its predictable reaction and clear colorimetric readout make it an invaluable reagent for research into enzyme kinetics, protein function, and metabolic pathways.
At NINGBO INNO PHARMCHEM CO.,LTD., we are committed to being a reliable partner for your research and development needs. We prioritize the quality and consistency of our 2-Nitrophenyl-beta-D-galactopyranoside (CAS 369-07-3), ensuring that every batch meets rigorous standards. As a trusted manufacturer and supplier, we offer this high-grade chemical with competitive price options and efficient logistics, making it easy to buy and purchase for laboratories and industrial clients worldwide. Our commitment extends to providing comprehensive support, ensuring a seamless experience for all your chemical sourcing requirements.
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